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The Spoon

Daily news and analysis about the food tech revolution

Ghost Kitchens

College: the Next Big Frontier for Ghost Kitchens

New bits over the last couple weeks have sent my brain right back to college — specifically to the college dining hall, where myself and others (everyone) used to steal food to take back to our dorms to eat between meals.

OK, I’m not sure that actually classified as stealing, since we were all on prepaid meal plans. But you weren’t allowed to take food out of the dining room, so the act of sneaking, say, a couple oranges and a jumbo ziploc bag of cereal out the door was practically an art form among the student body population.

Gen Z will likely not have to jump through that particular hoop when it comes to getting fed in between regular mealtimes. I was recently reminded of this possibility when news dropped that foodservice provider Chartwells plans to launch a ghost kitchen program across the colleges and universities it supplies.   

Chartwells has already piloted the program at a few schools, including the University of Utah and Seattle University. The idea is to find underutilized kitchen spaces on campus and turn them into ghost kitchens that serve students delivery and pickup meals ordered via the Chartwell’s mobile app.

While the long-term relevance of ghost kitchens is still a hotly debated topic in the the wider restaurant industry, the format seems to be a no-brainer for school campuses. 

As my food-theft story above anecdotally illustrates, students eat at all hours of the day and night, and often those weird hours are out of necessity (e.g., studying late, extracurricular commitments, etc.) Campus dining halls rarely accommodate those hours. Nowadays that leaves students at the mercy of DoorDash or Uber Eats, which, particularly with the newly hiked fees, gets expensive quickly. There’s always, of course, the option to hop in the car and hit the drive-thru, but that takes time and, depending on the restaurant, costs a fair amount of money, too.

Instead of leaving students to the mercy of surrounding restaurants, schools have an opportunity to work with their foodservice providers and offer meals in a wider variety of formats at more times throughout the day and night. The kitchen infrastructure already exists, most notably at dining halls that only operate at specific hours. Those spaces could easily double as kitchens that fulfill pickup and/or delivery orders in the off hours. Schools might even make money off such an operation. 

Meals, meanwhile, could count towards a student’s overall meal plan, and adding a mobile app component, as Chartwells has done, would simplify the entire process. Another approach would be for a school foodservice provider to partner with a third-party mobile app company, as Aramark did with Good Uncle in 2019. Via the Good Uncle app, students at participating schools can browse meals and order them for delivery. The app’s “Flexcash” system is a declining balance that can be re-upped by the student (or their parent) at any time. From there, it functions just as a meal card for the dining hall would.

Food robots, of the small, six-wheeled variety, could also prove themselves a valuable part of the campus ghost kitchen operation. Companies like Starship and Kiwibot can already be found roving about multiple university campuses. In fact, both companies have existing partnerships with yet-another foodservice provider, Sodexo. One can easily imagine one of these roving bots carrying food from an on-campus ghost kitchen to the student’s dormitory or to a centralized pickup point on campus.

A final point in favor of ghost kitchens on campus. We hear often that delivery and takeout can’t replace the restaurant experience, which is true, because eating soggy fries from a cardboard box is decidedly not an experience. But campus dining halls aren’t exactly known for five-star meals, and much of the food served up in these places is already well-suited to travel. There may even be room for improvements in menu offerings, something Chartwells appears to be looking at through its program.

Does all this potential for ghost kitchens, tech, and the like spell the death of the campus dining room? Not likely. In fact, this particular on-premises format is ripe for its own digital reinvention, from automat-style lockers to robot vending machines and even tools in the back of house that can better monitor food safety and food waste. All said and done, there’s arguably enough room for innovation within format as there is beyond it.

Food Tech ‘Round the Web

Meanwhile, over in the regular restaurant world, ghost kitchens are not the future, according to this thoughtful analysis from Grubstreet writer Rachel Sugar.

Also, forget Guy Fieri. White Castle is opening a delivery-only kitchen in downtown Orlando, Florida, which will be in operation next week.

And if you read nothing else in this newsletter, check Eater’s comprehensive coverage on how to help feed those impacted by the Texas winter storms.

Campus Foodservice Giant Chartwells Brings Ghost Kitchens to Colleges and Universities

Chartwells Higher Education, a foodservice management company, announced today it has launched its ghost kitchen program for college and university campuses. Chartwells has already piloted the program at a handful of schools, including Seattle University, SUNY Buffalo State College, the University of Utah, the University of Texas at Dallas, and San Jose State University.

Working with these schools, Chartwells developed several new meal concepts appropriate for delivery. For example, the company worked with Seattle University to open a ghost kitchen that tested 12 rotating entrees and desserts, which students could order via the existing Chartwells mobile app. Since most of Seattle University’s physical campus was closed during Fall semester 2020, the ghost kitchen pilot also served as a test for how colleges and universities can provide students with food even when dining halls are shuttered. Meals were available for both delivery and contactless pickup.

Chartwells said more than 24,000 orders were placed via its mobile app within the first month of the Seattle University test. Terry Conaty, Resident District Manager at Seattle University, said in a press release that the partnership was a “win-win” because it provided students with “lots of new menu options without having to add additional personnel resources or compromise our social distancing guidelines.”

Chartwells serves more than 300 campuses. The company says this ghost kitchen program will add to rather than replace existing dining options. The idea is to take advantage of any underutilized kitchen space on campuses that can be turned into ghost kitchens.

Historically, few would have called college and university campuses hotbeds for food tech innovation. That has slowly started to change over the last few years with the rise of apps like MealMe and Good Uncle (the latter of which was acquired by foodservice giant Aramark), the presence of delivery bots on campus, and Gen Z’s inherent familiarity with a more tech-driven eating experience. 

Nor is Chartwells the only company bringing ghost kitchens to campus. Last month, hospitality platform C3 joined forces with Graduate Hotels to put more ghost kitchens in college towns. 

The ghost kitchen format is an obvious fit for the college and university market. Students eat meals at all hours of the day and night, a schedule the traditional dining room’s hours don’t typically accommodate. And on the note of dining rooms, there’s no telling whether the traditional cafeteria-style setup will exist once classes shift back to the physical campus. Social distancing will have to be considered when it comes to those spaces, and some students may not feel safe eating in a dining room. Colleges and universities will have to provide alternative options, including pickup and delivery.

Schools, too, are brimming with underutilized kitchen space. For smaller campuses, a few would suffice when it comes to serving the entire student body. For larger schools, one can imagine a network of ghost kitchens placed strategically around the campus, each serving different sets of dormitories and apartment blocks. Meals ordered from campus ghost kitchens could even count as part of a student’s meal plan, which would be considerably cheaper than someone having to order from DoorDash every night.

When schools go back in session very much depends on each individual institution. Many are doing hybrid online-offline sessions right now. The many new food options for students seem geared towards both accommodating these fluctuating schedules and a bid by schools to keep pace with the changing times for foodservice. 

C3 Will Launch Its Virtual Food Halls Inside Graduate’s ‘College Town’ Hotels

Food and bev platform C3 (Creating Culinary Communities) this week announced a new partnership with Graduate Hotels to launch the Graduate Food Hall digital kitchen concept. For the venture, C3 will bring its ghost kitchen and virtual restaurant hybrid to Graduate Hotels, which are located in America’s college towns, in the first quarter of 2021. 

C3 operates a number of virtual restaurant brands, including Krispy Rice, the delivery-only version of Umami Burger, a collaborative plant-based concept with Impossible, and a caviar bar. The company prepares all orders in its own network of ghost kitchens, which is steadily growing. For instance, C3 just acquired 22 former locations of the now-shuttered chain Speciality’s and plans to convert those into kitchen spaces. 

For the Graduate partnership, C3 said it is effectively taking over onsite food operations at Graduate properties. Graduate’s hotel kitchens will be converted into “multi-brand kitchens” that can house several C3 restaurant concepts at once. Both hotel guests and those in the surrounding community will be able to order delivery meals and those for takeout. There will also be some seating in hotel lobbies and gathering areas.

The U.S. hotel industry had its worst year on record in 2020 in terms of both lows in occupancy and revenue because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data provider STR noted that hotels passed the 1 billion rooms unsold mark in 2020, the highest in the industry’s history, and that the first half of 2021 will likely be similar (though conditions are expected to improve in the latter half of this year).

Setting up a virtual food hall that can serve both hotel guests and surrounding homes, schools, and businesses opens up potentially more revenue opportunities for Graduate. At the same time, Graduate’s locations, which are all in major “college towns” around the U.S., will expose C3 and its virtual restaurant brands to a huge number of potential users because of the proximity to universities. 

The first implementation of the Graduate Food Hall is expected to debut in Berkeley, California as well as Richmond, Virginia and Tempe, Arizona. Additional locations will follow.  

Wow Bao’s Virtual Restaurant Concept Will Grow to 1,000 Locations in 2021

Wow Bao’s partner kitchen program, which lets other restaurants make and serve its food products, will reach 1,100 locations by the end of 2021, up from 150 now, according to a press release from the company. The anticipated milestone highlights another format of virtual restaurant emerging as restaurants take more business off premises.

Via the partner kitchen program, restaurants cook some of the Wow Bao brand’s signature items — buns, bowls, potstickers, etc. — then sell them on the usual third-party delivery channels. Wow Bao CEO Geoff Alexander told me last year that the idea is to provide any type of restaurant with a relatively easy way to add some much-needed revenue.

“We believe we have created something restaurants can survive with,” he said at the time.

Restaurants pay a flat fee to participate (~$1,000) that covers supply chain, marketing, and any extra equipment needed. From there, Wow Bao’s food is marketed on third-party delivery platforms via an entirely separate menu from the restaurant’s own. The restaurant makes the food and sends it out for delivery. Today’s press release notes that restaurants maintain about 40 percent of the revenue from each order, even when factoring in things like packaging costs and third-party delivery fees. 

Wow Bao’s idea for the partner kitchen program actually predates the pandemic’s widespread presence in the U.S. However, the concept is an appropriate one right now, given the wreckage COVID-19 has brought to the restaurant industry in the form of dining room restrictions and lost sales. 

The ghost kitchen and virtual restaurant concepts have, in general, proliferated over the last several months. But for restaurants that don’t have a ton of extra money to spend on a major lease with a more traditional commissary, an option such as Wow Bao’s partner kitchen is a promising alternative that doesn’t require a lot of physical space or operating costs.

Wow Bao said in today’s press release that these partner kitchens are especially successful in rural areas, where “food variety is more limited than in metropolitan areas.” Most restaurants, rural or otherwise, have surpassed the expected sales mark of $2,500 in six weeks. 

A new partnership with digital marketplace Franklin Junction will add another 50 Wow Bao partner locations around the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, while a nationwide expansion is expected to take place in the first half of 2021.

What’s After Ghost Kitchens? The Ghost Bar, Of Course

With ghost kitchens now a mainstay in the restaurant biz, it’s only ever been a matter of time before someone took the concept and applied it to the bar scene. Two NYC restaurant owners did just that recently with the opening of Ghost Bar, an online cocktail bar now available to certain parts of Manhattan.

In a press release sent to The Spoon, Ghost Bar’s owners said the point of their concept is to provide specialty cocktails users can get delivered to their own homes in roughly the same amount of time (or less) it would take to get an order from, say Grubhub.

Speaking of Grubhub, users can either order drinks from that service, Postmates, and HungryPanda, or from Ghost Bar’s own website. Where the ghost kitchen concept comes into play is with the bar’s centralized (and undisclosed) location, where cocktails are made and bottled to order before going out for delivery. The concept isn’t terribly different from ordering a juice or smoothie and getting it delivered to your doorstep, something New Yorkers have done for years.

Ghost bar menu items range from classics (old fashioned, sidecar) to in-house specialty drinks, to some beer and wine. Drinks start at $12, which is on par with what you’d pay for a well-crafted cocktail at a Manhattan bar. However, this being a delivery-only operation, users will also need factor service fees and tip into the cost of their drink. Ghost Bar also adds a $5 delivery fee. Whether the bottle sizes are larger than the average cocktail is unclear, as Ghost Bar doesn’t list bottle size in ounces.

That’s not a cheap way to grab a couple of cocktails, so if you’re planning on drinking a lot in a single evening, consider other options. However, for smaller gatherings or random Tuesday nights when you just want a freshly made fancy drink, the concept could prove popular, at least with the folks that can afford to spend $30-plus bucks on a couple drinks.

Currently, Ghost Bar delivers to 66th Street and below in Manhattan from 11:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily. The concept will expand to all of Manhattan and tri-bourough areas in the coming months.

Black Box Intelligence: December 2020 Restaurant Sales Were the Lowest Since July

The fourth quarter of 2020 was bad for restaurant sales, with December being “the worst month” since July, according to the latest data from Black Box Intelligence, which shared the information in its monthly Nation’s Restaurant News update.

By December, same-store sales growth fell to -13.3 percent year over year, while same-store traffic growth clocked in at -18.6 percent. In comparison, same-store sales in November were at -10.3 percent and same-store traffic growth at -16.3 percent.

Black Box noted that multiple factors contributed to poor sales numbers for restaurants in November and December. Those included a hike in COVID-19 cases and new dining room restrictions as a result of those rising case numbers. It being wintertime, colder weather limited or eradicated outdoor dining options in many parts of the country, further contributing to lagging sales numbers.

Despite the poor sales numbers, Black Box suggests that restaurants “were successful” in raising guest sentiment for their brands in December. 

Ambience, which in this case relates a lot to cleanliness and transparency around safety procedures, saw the largest improvement in terms of guest sentiment: “Meeting or exceeding [guests] expectations for safety is rewarded with positive feedback online.” 

Somewhat tricker is sentiment around the actual food. Food sentiment “dropped considerably” from November to December. This occurred simultaneously alongside a rise in off-premises orders and a slowdown in dining room sales due to the aforementioned restrictions. As Black Box states in this latest report, sentiment around food has “always been significantly lower” than food in the dining room. 

Restaurants have grappled with the challenge of maintaining quality food in a takeout environment since the pandemic first shut down dining rooms nearly a year ago. Tactics for better to-go food include things like paring down menus to the basics and completely redesigning menus to feature delivery-friendly fare.

Off-premises orders are now the major money-maker in the restaurant biz, and will likely continue to be for some time. The simultaneous rise of ghost kitchens only adds to this focus on delivery and takeout formats. All of which is to say that restaurants must continue to improve their to-go food, regardless of what happens to same-store sales over the next few months.

Deliveroo Raises $180M, Nabs $7B Valuation

Deliveroo announced this week it has raised over $180 million in Series H funding from existing investors. The round was led by Durable Capital Partners LP and Fidelity Management and Research Company LLC. With it, Deliveroo is now valued at over $7 billion, according to an official company statement. 

The new funds come ahead of Deliveroo’s initial public offering, which is expected to happen in the next few months.

The London, U.K.-based company said it would use the new funds to “further drive growth and enhancements to its services for restaurants, riders and consumers.” Examples of those areas include expanding Editions, Deliveroo’s delivery-only kitchen sites, expanding its grocery delivery service, and expanding its Plus subscription service. The company also said it would offer more restaurants its Signature service, which lets customers order via a restaurant’s own website.

It’s a shift from several months ago, when Deliveroo had to cut 15 percent of its staff in response to the pandemic. Also around that time, U.K. regulatory watchdog the Competition and Markets Authority approved Amazon’s highly scrutinized investment into Deliveroo, saying the delivery business could collapse without the funds. 

But, like other third-party delivery services around the world, Deliveroo has wound up faring very well so far throughout the pandemic. Will Shu, Deliveroo’s founder, told The Guardian in December that COVID-19 had “accelerated consumer adoption of food delivery services by about two or three years,” and that order volumes for the service in the U.K. and Ireland were double those of 2019. In the same interview, Shu also said his company had been profitable “at the operating level” for about six months.  

Currently, Deliveroo operates in 12 countries, including a number of Western European nations as well as Singapore, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Its main competitor, Just Eat Takeaway.com, operates in many of the same markets.

Restaurants Hate Third-Party Delivery Services, Actually

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When it comes to talking about the year 2020, one of the things third-party delivery services like to say is that they were “a lifeline” for restaurants that might have otherwise had to shutter permanently due to dining room closures and restrictions. 

Plenty have disputed this over the last several months. But perhaps no one has lately been more to-the-point about the matter than Recode’s Kara Swisher, who hosted Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi on her Sway podcast this week.

“You’re not allowed to get away with saying you’ve been a lifeline to restaurants,” she told Khosrowshahi early on.

Swisher noted the oft-cited figure, that delivery services charge restaurants commission fees of up to 30 percent of a single transaction for use of their services. Khosrowshahi countered by saying Swisher’s math was “incomplete” and that the 30 percent is “untruthful” when it comes to representing what restaurants are actually on the hook to pay delivery services. According to his math, restaurants pay Uber Eats 13 percent per transaction “net of the courier.” If restaurants want to use their own couriers, the commission cost is “about 15 percent.”

But as Swisher suggested, even those lower numbers are harmful to restaurants, which typically operate off margins that are about 3 to 5 percent. That irreconcilable math is one of the reasons cities across the U.S. have introduced mandatory caps on commission fees, some as low as 10 percent.

Pre-pandemic, the argument was that if a restaurant took issue with high commission fees, they could simply opt out of doing delivery. That argument holds no water now, though, since the pandemic essentially forced restaurants into doing delivery and most do not have the money or expertise to build an in-house delivery business. Actually, most can’t even afford their own courier fleet.

It’s also worth pointing out that while Khosrowshahi called the 30 percent commission fee “untruthful,” he never actually offered a hard number around how high an Uber Eats commission fee reaches when a restaurant is using a courier, as most are. If anything, his cagey response of “13 percent net of the courier” seems to confirm the 30 percent commission fee’s existence.

Uber Eats had a big year in 2020. It more than doubled its revenues and even acquired a competitor, Postmates, towards the end of the year. Khosrowshahi himself said the service had a $40 billion-plus run rate and would be larger than the company’s mobility business in 2021.

Conversely, the restaurant industry has lost $240 billion in sales and is still 2.5 million jobs below pre-pandemic levels, according to the National Restaurant Association. A total of 110,000 restaurants in the U.S. have closed, which is about 17 percent of the nation’s restaurants total.

Khosrowshahi defended his company’s approach to restaurant commissions, using words like “reasonable” and “fair” to describe them. To which Swisher simply pointed out that most restaurants she speaks with disagree, and only use the Uber Eats and Caviars of the world because the pandemic has forced them to.

“They hate you,” she concluded, flatly, before using the phrase “menace economy” to describe the environment in which restaurants must now operate to stay in business.

Here’s How the Restaurant Biz Survived 2020

I know most of you would rather forget 2020 ever happened, but it never hurts to look back before going forward, which is just what the National Restaurant Association did this week. The trade group published a list of top trends it says kept many restaurants in business last year while the pandemic wreaked havoc on the industry.

The 10 trends that made the list were based on those found in a survey The Association did of more than 6,000 restaurants and 1,000 adults. The majority of the trends on the list are directly related to helping restaurants “keep their businesses open and employees on the payroll,” as The Association puts it.

The full research post is worth a read. This being The Spoon, I’ll highlight a few items that made the list that illustrate how tech-forward the pandemic has made the restaurant biz in recent months:

  • “Streamlined menus.” Part of this is related to the actual food: restaurants needed a way to reduce inventories and fulfill items faster, and “pare down your menu” became a mantra for many early on in the pandemic. However, streamlined menus also have to do with offering food that travels well, for pickup and delivery orders, and not overwhelming digital customers with choice paralysis as they view menus via their own mobile devices.
  • “Off-premises foodservice takes precedence.” The Association noted that before the pandemic, 80 percent of full-service restaurant traffic was on-premises. The change restaurants were forced to make to delivery and takeout formats in March, when shutdowns first started, rippled across the entire industry and is now more or less ingrained in operations. Which is to say, even when restaurants are operating at full dining room capacity once again, off-premises will be an important part of any restaurant’s strategy. 
  • “Selling groceries.” This started early in the pandemic when restaurants began selling inventory unused because of shutdowns, and doing so via off-premises channels like delivery and drive-thru. The Association’s survey found that “more than half of consumers” would consider buying grocery staples (produce, dairy, meat) from restaurants themselves if those items were offered. Little wonder, then, that third-party delivery services like DoorDash and Uber Eats added grocery delivery to their businesses in 2020.

Other trends in the restaurant industry — ghost kitchens, virtual restaurants, better back-of-house tech — are woven into the more general trends on The Association’s list. For example, a shift to off-premises foodservice will inevitably mean more ghost kitchens. Pull up a virtual restaurant menu from just about anyone these days and you’ll find it’s decidedly streamlined. 

“We now know that three things are certain: the pandemic tested the limits of operator creativity and knowhow, accelerated tech adoption and emerging trends, and confirmed that customers sorely miss their restaurant experiences,” says the report.

With a widespread vaccine still months away (at least) and restrictions still in place for the majority of dining rooms, these trends that helped us survive 2020 will also start to shape 2021 and beyond. 

Restaurant Tech ‘Round the Web

Panera is the latest major chain to announce plans to go all-in on ghost kitchens. The brand said this week it also has mobile kitchens, redesigned drive-thru lanes, and a virtual catering business in the works.

Fat Brands, meanwhile, is doubling-down on its existing ghost kitchen strategy. The company said at an ICR presentation this week that it plans to open a dozen ghost kitchens in 2021.

Restaurant tech provider Perfect Company raised $6 million for its solution that brings automation to the front of house, back of house, ghost kitchens, convenience stores, and other foodservice areas. 

Kitchen United Plans a Massive Expansion for Its Ghost Kitchen Network

Kitchen United will expand its ghost kitchen network significantly in 2021, the company said during a talk at this week’s ICR conference (h/t Restaurant Dive). Michael Montagano, KU’s CEO, said he expects the company to grow its number of locations from its current four to 20 by the end of the year, which would equal 500 percent growth for KU in total units.

The company currently operates ghost kitchen facilities in Pasadena, California and Chicago, Illinois, as well as in Scottsdale, Arizona and Austin, Texas. According to Montagano’s ICR presentation, Kitchen United’s 2021 expansion will include new facilities in those existing “high-volume” markets as well as kitchen facilities in completely new locations, like New York City and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Plans for this massive expansion come as restaurants continue to struggle with closures and capacity restrictions brought about by the pandemic and the industry continues shifting en masse to off-premises formats like ghost kitchens and virtual restaurants. And even when those limitations are lifted, general consensus is that meal formats like takeout and delivery are here to stay, which means more restaurants will continue seeking kitchen space in which to fulfill those orders.

Underscoring the demand for more kitchen space, Montagano said during ICR that Kitchen United’s existing facilities are full, and that existing customers want to continue growing with the KU platform. To date, Kitchen United’s facilities have served most known brand names, including The Halal Guys, Dog Haus, and Wetzel’s Pretzels. A move to more and different parts of the country may allow more regional chains to take advantage of the company’s kitchen infrastructure, too.

In larger cities like New York and San Francisco, Kitchen United will have plenty of competition. Zuul is already an established player in New York City, with plans for expansion around the five boroughs. San Francisco has the super-secretive CloudKitchens, Reef, which raised a whopping $700 million last year, and, in the Peninsula area, DoorDash Kitchens.  

Pret A Manger and Cuisine Solutions Launch a Sous Vide Ghost Kitchen in NYC

Cuisine Solutions, which manufactures and distributes sous vide food products, announced this week via an email that it has teamed up with cafe chain Pret A Manger to open what it’s calling a “dark assembly kitchen” (DAK) in New York City. 

Dubbed CS DAK, the ghost kitchen-like operation will offer multiple food concepts for delivery through the major third-party delivery platforms as well as via the CS DAK website. 

Since all food available through CS DAK will be sous vide cuisine from Cuisine Solution’s product inventory, the assembly process for orders will be minimal. Fully cooked food will arrive at a Pret A Manger location in Midtown Manhattan, which will serve as the official first facility for this operation. Pret A Manger staff at that location will assemble the menu items and package them for delivery. There is no from-scratch cooking involved in the process.

CS DAK will offer four different concepts to start:

  • Cocina Oscura and Mediterranean: Build-your-own Mexican or Mediterranean bowls, salads, and wraps
  • Poultry in Motion: Sous Vide Egg Bites and chicken dishes
  • Bodega: A high-end take on the ready-made meal
  • The Cutting Edge: A variety of high-end international dishes

Cuisine Solutions said in today’s press release that customer can expect Asian, Italian, and BBQ-based sous vide concepts to join the above list in the future. 

The launch of CS DAK is another example of existing restaurants licensing virtual concepts as a way to create some additional revenue as the restaurant industry continues to struggle with indoor dining closures and restrictions. This idea became more widespread towards the end of 2020. Wow Bao, for example, licenses its own menu to other restaurants, which can assemble food items from their own kitchens and send them out for delivery. Also noteworthy in this space is Odermark, which raised $120 million for its NextBite platform that pairs restaurants with delivery-only brands to help them increase revenues. At a recent Spoon virtual event, Ordermark’s CEO Alex Canter referenced one NextBite client that had incorporated five of those virtual concepts into their restaurant and were doing “10 to 15 times more revenue through those brands” than via their own.

For its part, the CK DAK concept will be available for delivery for Manhattanites starting this Thursday, January 7. The concept will likely launch at additional Pret A Manger locations in the near future.

2020: The Year the Ghost Kitchen Got Complicated

As an old saying goes, “Anything can happen, and most usually does.”

And it sure did happen in 2020 for the restaurant industry. Pandemic. Dining room shutdowns. Permanent closures at alarming rates. A seismic shift to takeout and delivery formats. More shutdowns. Complete uncertainty over the state of indoor dining coupled with growing panic over the state of the independent restaurant. 

Personally, I think it’s foolhardy to try and meaningfully condense what happened to restaurants in 2020 into a few hundred words. So as we close out this dumpster-fire of a year and head to 2021, I’ll pinpoint one part of the biz that’s been talked of constantly these last several months: ghost kitchens.

Right around the end of 2019, we were already fixated on the ghost kitchen. In a predictions piece I wrote at the time, I said, “This is part of the restaurant industry that will change rapidly over the next year as it becomes more commonplace among both restaurants and consumers.”

All that wound up being true in 2020, not because I’m some predictions wizard but because a global health crisis forced the restaurant industry into off-premises formats like takeout, delivery, and drive-thru. Because these formats don’t require a dining room to function, they are inherently suited to the ghost kitchen setting. Ghost kitchens, after all, were designed to serve to-go customers, typically those ordering through mobile apps and other digital properties. 

But one thing that was made clear in 2020: ghost kitchens are not the end-all, be-all savior of the restaurant industry. In fact, throughout the year, multiple restaurant industry figures raised questions about the commissary model in particular.  

Back in March, when COVID numbers were initially rising, former Kitchen United CEO Jim Collins cautioned restaurants to think hard about whether their business generated enough demand to justify the cost of a ghost kitchen operation. Similarly, Andy Wiederhorn CEO of Fat Brands, said in July that ghost kitchens “simply work better for brands that have existing fanbases” (a point he repeated at our ghost kitchen event earlier this month).

I bring up these reservations not to further cast a cynical shadow but to illustrate another important takeaway from 2020: that because there are still so many uncertainties for restaurants over the traditional commissary model, other forms of the ghost kitchen concept have emerged that make running an off-premises business more feasible for more types of restaurants. 

Over the last year, we saw the growing popularity of the so-called “dark kitchens.” These are underutilized kitchen spaces restaurants are using to fulfill their delivery and off-premises orders. Fat Brands is one notable example of a company using its own restaurants as dark kitchens for sister brands. Ordermark/NextBite, meanwhile, built out its business this year of pairing restaurants with unused kitchen space in order to deliver (literally and metaphorically) more meals from virtual restaurant concepts. Another great example is Hi Neighbor, a San Francisco restaurant group that had to close because of the pandemic. Its response was to use one of its shuttered kitchens to accept and fulfill delivery orders for its own virtual concepts. Hi Neighbor is just one local example of a trend happening nationwide.

In the second half of 2020 (right after Euromonitor predicted the ghost kitchen market would be worth $1 trillion by 2030), we saw massive amounts of investment dollars flow into the space, from Zuul’s $9 million fundraise to a $120 million investment in the aforementioned Ordermark to the $700 million raised by Reef. There were plenty of other financial milestones in between those figures.

Alongside those investments, even more formats emerged of what a ghost kitchen might look like and how it could become more efficient. ClusterTruck, which has operated a vertically integrated delivery business for years, teamed up with Kroger to turn the latter’s deli counters into a kind of ghost kitchen. More recently, Crave Collective opened in Boise, Idaho to show us what a fine-dining take on a ghost kitchen looks like. And the QSRs, finally got onboard, with everyone from Chipotle to McDonald’s unveiling new store formats that minimize or eradicate the dining room and are in effect their own version of a ghost kitchen.

The most unanimous takeaway of the year was this: the ghost kitchen, in its various forms, is here to stay. We may be inching closer to a widespread vaccine for COVID, but the restaurant industry has already completed the shift to off-premises-centric businesses. There’s no going back at this point.

Even so, we leave 2020 and enter 2021 with plenty more questions when it comes to how one best runs a ghost kitchen. What is the role of the chef — an artist, by rights — in this off-premise-centric new world? How long will ghost kitchen operations be tied to third-party delivery services increasingly bent on calling the shots for restaurants? What about the mounds and mounds of packaging waste being generated by all this innovation?

If 2020 was a year about making the ghost kitchen more efficient, 2021 should be about the role the ghost kitchen plays when it comes to the restaurants, chefs, drivers, and other people whose livelihoods are now tied to it.

MrBeast Burgers’ Overnight Success Actually Holds Some Lessons for Aspiring Virtual Restaurants

You know the virtual restaurant movement is catching on when a famous YouTuber gets involved and their efforts are a massive overnight success. This week, Jimmy “MrBeast” Donaldson, teamed up with a company called Virtual Dining Concepts and launched a virtual restaurant brand called MrBeast Burgers. The restaurant is already serving 300 locations across the U.S., according to a press release sent to The Spoon and a very excited tweet from Donaldson from the weekend:

Donaldson is a YouTuber who is as famous at this point for his large charitable donations and other philanthropy as he is for his online stunts. He unveiled MrBeast Burgers over the weekend via his own YouTube channel and a one-day pop-up event in Wilson, North Carolina, where he gave free food to, well, thousands, it seems, along with some iPads, cash, and a new car.

Those interested can get the delivery-only menu via the MrBeast app and on the major third-party delivery platforms. Virtual Dining Concepts said in this week’s press release that it worked with Donaldson’s team to create the menu, which includes burgers, chicken sandwiches, fries, and other quick-service staples. 

Restaurants can add the MrBeast menu to their existing operations and essentially run the restaurant out of their own kitchen. The concept isn’t brand new. Wow Bao and others have been running similar “dark kitchen” businesses for some time. However, the MrBeast brand’s popularity may push the concept into the mainstream, given the practically overnight popularity of the initiative.

As to the quality of the actual food, the initial response is a patchwork at best. My very unscientific glance at some recent tweets turned up everything from complaints about the high prices and uncooked meat to high praise and overseas followers begging for international locations.

Even so, the whole thing is another piece of evidence that branding is critical for virtual restaurants to be a success. We talked about that at length a couple weeks ago at our ghost kitchen event (you can view the sessions here), with the majority of restaurant industry panelists agreeing that it’s much easier to start a virtual restaurant operation when you have an existing platform and recognition. Otherwise you’re just the random dude who wants to sell chicken wings but can’t stand out from the masses of folks trying to do the same thing.

Jimmy Donaldson is not a chef, but nor is he a random dude, as his nearly 49 million YouTube following can attest. But overnight success and longevity are two distinctly different things. The big takeaway here for anyone wanting to launch a virtual restaurant is that the food, customer service, speed, and efficiency matter more than ever in today’s to-go focused restaurant industry. Fifty million fans is one thing. Fifty million fans that love you because of your food is an entirely different, and more difficult, feat to pull off.